![]() ![]() Mao hoped to achieve this goal by rapidly industrializing the country and by collectivization. Beginning in 1958, and going on to 1961, Mao Zedong led the Communist Party of China in advocating and implementing a social and economic campaign known as the Great Leap Forward, with the intention of bringing rapid transformation of China from an agriculture-dependent economy into a socialist society. Retrieved 28 August 2017.The Great Leap Forward in China was meant to turn China into a modern socialist state in the mid-20th Century, although many argue the campaign almost ruined China. "Mao's Great Leap Forward 'killed 45 million in four years' ". "Demographic Consequences of the Great Leap Forward in China's Provinces". Red Revolution, Green Revolution: Scientific Farming in Socialist China. ^ Schmalzer, Sigrid (20 January 2016).Archived from the original on 20 December 2010. ^ a b McCarthy, Michael (2 August 2006).Mao's War Against Nature: Politics and the Environment in Revolutionary China. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 June 2021. Der Ornithologische Beobachter (in German). "Erinnerungen an Ornithologen, die ich kannte (4. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Archived from the original on 22 August 2012. "China's Worst Self-Inflicted Environmental Disaster: The Campaign to Wipe Out the Common Sparrow". ^ a b Dvorsky, George (July 18, 2012)."Saving the Clangs, Songs, and Shouts of Old Beijing". Archived from the original on 25 April 2017. Archived from the original on 20 November 2019. ^ "Paved With Good Intentions: Mao Tse-Tung's "Four Pests" Disaster – Body Horrors"."China's Smash Sparrows Campaign and Nature's Revenge!". List of campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party.Ecological imbalance is credited with exacerbating the Great Chinese Famine. With no sparrows to eat them, locust populations ballooned, swarming the country and compounding the ecological problems already caused by the Great Leap Forward, including widespread deforestation and misuse of poisons and pesticides. Sparrows were replaced with bed bugs, as the extermination of sparrows had upset the ecological balance, which subsequently resulted in surging locust and insect populations that destroyed crops due to a lack of a natural predator. In the same month, Mao Zedong ordered the campaign against sparrows to end. While the campaign was meant to increase yields, concurrent droughts and floods as well as the lacking sparrow population decreased rice yields. Effects īy April 1960, Chinese leaders changed their opinion in part due to the influence of ornithologist Tso-hsin Cheng who pointed out that sparrows ate a large number of insects, as well as grains. After two days of constant drumming, the Poles had to use shovels to clear the embassy of dead sparrows. The personnel of the Polish embassy in Beijing denied the Chinese request of entering the premises of the embassy to scare away the sparrows who were hiding there and as a result the embassy was surrounded by people with drums. Some sparrows found a refuge in the extraterritorial premises of various diplomatic missions in China. ![]() ![]() The campaign depleted the sparrow population, pushing it to near extinction within China. In addition to these tactics, citizens also simply shot the birds down from the sky. Millions of people organized into groups, and hit noisy pots and pans to prevent sparrows from resting in their nests, with the goal of causing them to drop dead from exhaustion. Sparrow nests were destroyed, eggs were broken, and chicks were killed. Sparrows were suspected of consuming approximately 2 kg (4 pounds) of grain per sparrow per year. the sparrows-specifically the Eurasian tree sparrow-which ate grain seed and fruit.The "Four Pests" campaign was introduced in 1958 as a hygiene campaign aimed to eradicate the pests responsible for the transmission of pestilence and disease: The Eurasian tree sparrow was the most notable target of the campaign. ![]()
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